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§ Rule 37. Failure to Make or Cooperate in Discovery: Sanctions

Codes > District of Columbia Official Code > Superior Court > V. Depositions > Rule 37.

Rule 37. Failure to Make or Cooperate in Discovery: Sanctions

 

(a) Motion for Order Compelling Discovery.Before any motion to compel discovery is filed, the affected parties or counsel must meet for a reasonable period of time in an effort to resolve the disputed matter. The movant shall accompany any motion to compel discovery with a certification that despite a good faith effort to secure it, the discovery material sought has not been provided. This certification shall set forth specific facts describing the good faith effort, including a statement of the date, time and place of the meeting required by this Rule, and shall be placed immediately below the signature of the attorney or party signing the motion. The requirement of a meeting is waived if (i) the motion concerns a failure to serve any response whatever to a Rule 33, 34 or 36 discovery request or a failure to appear for a deposition or a Rule 35 examination and the motion is accompanied by a copy of a letter, sent at least 10 days before the motion was filed, asking that the opposing counsel or party respond to the discovery request or that the deponent or examinee appear for a rescheduled deposition or examination; or (ii) the movant certifies that, despite having sent to the opposing counsel or party, at least 10 days before the motion was filed, a letter (a copy of which shall be attached to the motion) proposing a time and place for such a meeting, and despite having made two telephone calls to the office of the opposing counsel or party (the date and time of which calls shall be specified in the motion), the movant has been unable to convene a meeting to resolve the disputed discovery matter. Any motion to compel discovery must set forth verbatim the question propounded and the answer given, or a description of the other discovery requested and the response to this request. The motion must also set forth the reason or reasons the answer or response is inadequate.

 

(1) Appropriate Court. An application for an order to a party shall be made to this Court, or, on matters relating to a deposition, to the court in the district where the deposition is being taken. An application for an order to a person who is not a party shall be made to the court in the district where the discovery is being, or is to be, taken.

 

(2) Motion. If a deponent fails to answer a question propounded or submitted under Rule 30 or 31, or a corporation or other entity fails to make a designation under Rule 30(b)(6) or 31(a), or a party fails to answer an interrogatory submitted under Rule 33, or if a party, in response to a request for inspection submitted under Rule 34, fails to respond that inspection will be permitted as requested or fails to permit inspection as requested, the discovering party may move for an order compelling an answer, or a designation, or an order compelling inspection in accordance with the request. When taking a deposition on oral examination, the proponent of the question may complete or adjourn the examination before applying for an order.

 

(3) Evasive or Incomplete Answer or Response. For purposes of this subdivision an evasive or incomplete answer or response is to be treated as a failure to answer or respond.

 

(4) Expenses and Sanctions. If the motion is granted or if requested discovery is provided after the motion was filed, the Court shall, after affording an opportunity to be heard, require the party or deponent whose conduct necessitated the motion or the party or attorney advising such conduct or both of them to pay to the moving party the reasonable expenses incurred in making the motion, including attorney's fees, unless the Court finds that the requirements of subparagraph (a) were not met or the opposition to the motion was substantially justified, or that other circumstances make an award of expenses unjust.

 

If the motion is denied, the Court may enter any protective order authorized under Rule 26(c) and shall, after affording an opportunity to be heard, require the moving party or the attorney advising the motion or both of them to pay to the party or deponent who opposed the motion the reasonable expenses incurred in opposing the motion, including attorney's fees, unless the Court finds that the making of the motion was substantially justified or that other circumstances make an award of expenses unjust.

 

If the motion is granted in part and denied in part, the Court may enter any protective order authorized under Rule 26(c) and may, after affording an opportunity to be heard, apportion the reasonable expenses incurred in relation to the motion among the parties and persons in a just manner.

 

(b) Failure to Comply With Order.

 

(1) Sanctions by Court in District Where Deposition Is Taken. If a deponent fails to be sworn or to answer a question after being directed to do so by the court in the district in which the deposition is being taken, the failure may be considered a contempt of that court.

 

(2) Sanctions by This Court. If a party or an officer, director, or managing agent of a party or a person designated under Civil Rule 30(b)(6) or 31(a) to testify on behalf of a party fails to obey an order to provide or permit discovery, including an order made under subparagraph (a) of this Rule or Civil Rule 35, or if a party fails to obey an order entered under Civil Rule 26(f), the Court may make such orders in regard to the failure as are just, including among others the following:

 

(A) An order that the matters regarding which the order was made or any other designated facts shall be taken to be established for the purposes of the action in accordance with the claim of the party obtaining the order;

 

(B) An order refusing to allow the disobedient party to support or oppose designated claims or defenses, or prohibiting that party from introducing designated matters in evidence;

 

(C) An order striking out pleadings or parts thereof, or staying further proceedings until the order is obeyed, or dismissing the action or proceeding or any part thereof, or rendering a judgment by default against the disobedient party;

 

(D) In lieu of any of the foregoing orders or in addition thereto, an order treating as a contempt of Court the failure to obey any orders except an order to submit to a physical or mental examination;

 

(E) Where a party has failed to comply with an order under Civil Rule 35(a) requiring that party to produce another for examination, such orders as are listed in paragraphs (A), (B), and (C) of this subparagraph, unless the party failing to comply shows that party is unable to produce such person for examination.

 

In lieu of any of the foregoing orders or in addition thereto, the Court shall require the party failing to obey the order or the attorney advising that party or both to pay the reasonable expenses, including attorney's fees, caused by the failure, unless the Court finds that the failure was substantially justified or that other circumstances make an award of expenses unjust.

 

(c) Expenses on Failure to Admit.If a party fails to admit the genuineness of any document or the truth of any matter as requested under Rule 36, and if the party requesting the admissions thereafter proves the genuineness of the document or the truth of the matter, the requesting party may apply to the Court for an order requiring the other party to pay the reasonable expenses incurred in making that proof, including reasonable attorney's fees. The Court shall make the order unless it finds that (1) the request was held objectionable pursuant to Rule 36(a), or (2) the admission sought was of no substantial importance, or (3) the party failing to admit had reasonable ground to believe that the party might prevail on the matter, or (4) there was other good reason for the failure to admit.

 

(d) Failure of Party to Attend at Own Deposition or Serve Answers to Interrogatories or Respond to Request for Inspection.If a party or an officer, director, or managing agent of a party or a person designated under Rule 30(b)(6) or 31(a) to testify on behalf of a party fails (1) to appear before the officer who is to take the deposition, after being served with a proper notice, or (2) to serve answers or objections to interrogatories submitted under Rule 33, after proper service of the interrogatories, or (3) to serve a written response to a request for inspection submitted under Rule 34, after proper service of the request, the Court on motion may make such orders in regard to the failure as are just, and among others it may take any action authorized under paragraphs (A), (B), and (C) of subdivision (b)(2) of this Rule. In lieu of any order or in addition thereto, the Court shall require the party failing to act or the attorney advising that party or both to pay the reasonable expenses, including attorney's fees, caused by the failure, unless the Court finds that the failure was substantially justified or that other circumstances make an award of expenses unjust.

 

The failure to act described in this subdivision may not be excused on the ground that the discovery sought is objectionable unless the party failing to act has a pending motion for a protective order as provided by Rule 26(c).

 

(e)[Vacant].

 

(f) Expenses Against United States or District of Columbia.Except to the extent permitted by statute, expenses and fees may not be awarded against the United States or the District of Columbia under this Rule.

 

(g) Failure to Participate in the Framing of a Discovery Plan.If a party or a party's attorney fails to participate in good faith in the framing of a discovery plan by agreement as is required by Civil Rule 26(g), the Court may, after opportunity for hearing, require such party or attorney to pay to any other party the reasonable expenses, including attorney's fees, caused by the failure.