§ Rule 1004. Admissibility of Other Evidence of Contents

Rule 1004. Admissibility of Other Evidence of Contents

The original is not required, and other evidence of the contents of a writing, recording, or photograph is admissible if

(a) Originals Lost or Destroyed. All originals are lost or have been destroyed, unless the proponent in bad faith lost or destroyed them; or

(b) Original Not Obtainable. No original can be obtained by any available judicial process or procedure; or

(c) Original in Possession of Opponent. At a time when an original was under the control of the party against whom offered, that party was put on notice, by the pleadings or otherwise, that the contents would be a subject of proof at the hearing, and that party does not produce the original at the hearing; or

(d) Collateral Matters. The writing, recording, or photograph is not closely related to a controlling issue.